Peptides are generally chemically synthesized from the carboxy-terminus (C-terminus) to the amine-terminus (N-terminus) of the sequence. Usually in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), the C-terminal residue (amino acid located at the rightmost or carboxylic acid end of the peptide) is either preloaded on the solid-phase support (in the case of Wang resins) or loaded directly at the start of synthesis (in the case of 2-CTC (2-chlorotrityl chloride) resins or Amide resins). In some cases, solution phase (or liquid phase, LPPS) peptide synthesis methods are used or a hybrid of both solid-phase and solution phase methods.
![AmbioPharm SPPS cycle for peptide manufacturing](https://www.ambiopharm.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/SPPS-Cycle2-1024x819.png)
Liquid Phase Process vs Solid Phase Process
![Comparison of solution phase peptide synthesis (or liquid phase peptide synthesis) vs solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS)](https://www.ambiopharm.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/api_website_graphic_transparent_no_header-1024x497.png)
See also, What methods do you use to synthesize peptides and Peptide Synthesis Strategies. Interested in learning more about Peptide Manufacturing? Contact Us.